根据 2/3 期 NRG-GY005 试验 (NCT02502266) 的结果,奥拉帕尼 (Lynparza) 和西地尼布的组合与铂耐药或难治性上皮性卵巢癌患者的标准治疗 (SOC) 化疗相比,未能在无进展生存期 (PFS) 和总生存期 (OS) 方面带来统计学上显着改善。1
该结果在2024 年妇科肿瘤学会女性癌症年会上公布,此前有证据表明,该组合疗法对铂敏感型卵巢癌患者没有临床益处。2
NRG-GY005 试验的结果表明,联合治疗 (n = 167) 的中位 PFS 为 5.2 个月,而 SOC 为 3.4 个月(n = 167;HR,0.796;95% CI,0.597-1.060;P = .145),单独使用西地尼布为 4.0 个月(n = 170;与化疗相比 HR,0.972;95% CI,0.726-1.300;P = 1.00)。1此外,基于预先计划的分层因素没有差异:铂类状态(耐药与难治性)、贝伐单抗 (Avastin) 暴露(是与否)和之前的 PARP 抑制(是与否)。
联合治疗的中位 OS 为 12.8 个月,而 SOC 为 13.6 个月(HR,1.027;95% CI,0.771-1.368),单独使用西地尼布治疗的中位 OS 为 10.5 个月(与化疗相比 HR,1.060;95% CI,0.795-1.413)。
马里兰州贝塞斯达国家癌症研究所转化肿瘤科主任、医学博士 Jung-Min Lee 在数据展示中表示:“使用西地尼布/奥拉帕尼获得反应(根据 RECIST v1.1 标准)的患者具有持久的临床益处,并且中位反应持续时间 [DOR] 比单独使用 SOC 或西地尼布的患者更长。”
PARP 抑制剂和抗血管生成药物会下调同源重组修复蛋白,导致临床前卵巢癌模型中的 DNA 损伤和细胞死亡。通过将 VEGFR TKI 西地尼布与 PARP 抑制剂奥拉帕尼相结合,研究人员已在部分铂类耐药卵巢癌患者中显示出抗肿瘤活性。
基于此,研究人员评估了全口服联合疗法对于铂类耐药或难治性、高级别浆液性或子宫内膜样复发性上皮性卵巢癌患者的疗效,以及医生选择的非铂类化疗的效果。
该试验的 3 期部分于 2018 年 12 月至 2020 年 10 月期间进行。要符合参加该试验 3 期部分的资格,患者必须患有铂类耐药或难治性上皮性卵巢癌且疾病可评估。患者被随机分配为 1:1:1 组,每日一次 30 毫克西地尼布加每日两次 200 毫克奥拉帕尼;每日一次 30 毫克西地尼布;或由每周一次紫杉醇、聚乙二醇化脂质体阿霉素和拓扑替康组成的 SOC。
共同主要终点是 PFS 和 OS。次要终点包括根据 RECIST v1.1 标准的客观缓解率 (ORR) 和根据 NFOSI-DRS-P9 评估的患者报告结果。该研究采用分层测试设计,因此将在 OS 之前测试 PFS。该研究使用 0.0083 的单侧 alpha 水平,以 90% 的功效检测出组合组和 SOC 组之间的风险比 0.625。
目标样本量为 3 组 510 名患者,每组 170 名患者,其中包括第 2 部分中每组 52 名患者。
总体人群(n = 510)的基线患者特征表明,患者年龄中位数为 64.2 岁(范围:24.5-85.3 岁)。大多数患者体能状态为 0(54.1%)、卵巢癌(71.8%)和BRCA野生型疾病(76.3%)。此外,19.2% 的患者曾接受过抗血管生成治疗,31.6% 的患者对铂类药物有耐药性。
具体来看联合治疗、SOC和单独使用西地尼布组,分别有 8.4%、6.4% 和 4.7% 的患者携带BRCA突变;19.2%、19.7% 和 18.8% 的患者接受过抗血管生成治疗,31.1%、32.4% 和 31.2% 的患者对铂类药物具有耐药性。
Additional results demonstrated that the ORR was 31.4% (n = 48/153) with the combination (complete response [CR], n = 4; partial response [PR], n = 44); 22% (n = 35/159) with cediranib alone (CR, n = 2; PR, n = 33), and 13.4% (n = 19/141) with SOC (CR, n = 1; PR, n = 18). The median DOR was 15.5 months, 5.7 months, and 5.2 months with the combination, cediranib alone, and SOC, respectively.
Regarding hematology toxicity in the combination arm (n = 163), most events were low grade and included anemia (16.6%), decreased neutrophil count (12.8%), decreased white blood cell count (12.3%), and decreased platelet count (20.3%). Grade 3 and 4 anemia occurred in 4.3% and 0.6% of patients, respectively. Decreased neutrophil and platelet counts of grade 3 severity occurred in 1.2% and 0.6% of patients, respectively.
Lee noted that the rate of low-grade anemia and decreased neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the chemotherapy arm (n = 156), at 34.0% and 23.8%, respectively.
Non-hematologic toxicities in the combination arm included hypertension (grade 1/2, 36.8%; grade 3, 27.0%; grade 4, 1.2%), fatigue (grade 1/2, 58.9%; grade 3, 17.2%), weight loss (grade 1/2, 22.3%; grade 3, 4.3%), hypothyroidism (grade 1/2, 27.0%), anorexia (grade 1/2, 35.6%; grade 3, 3.7%), oral mucositis (grade 1/2, 21.5%; grade 3, 4.3%), diarrhea (grade 1/2, 66.9%; grade 3, 8.0%), vomiting (grade 1/2, 38.7%; grade 3, 9.2%), abdominal pain (grade 1/2, 27.0%; grade 3, 10.4%), and headache (grade 1/2, 29.4%; grade 3, 1.2%).
Lee added that a similar frequency of hypertension (grade 1/2, 37.0%; grade 3, 34.6%; grade 4, 7.4%), hypothyroidism (grade 1/2, 32.0%; grade 3, 1.9%), and diarrhea (grade 1/2, 64.2%; grade 3, 12.3%) was seen in the cediranib alone arm.
Patient-reported outcomes (n = 310) demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between the chemotherapy and combination arms according to the NFOSI-DRS-P subscale scores.
Disclosures: Dr Lee reported having research grant funding from AstraZeneca and Acrivon Therapeutics (paid to institution) and being on the scientific advisory board for Acrivon Therapeutics.
References
- Lee JM, Brady M, Miller A, et al. A phase II/III study of cediranib and olaparib combination compared to cediranib or olaparib alone or standard of care chemotherapy, in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (NRG-GY005). Presented at: 2024 Society of Gynecologic Oncology Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer; March 16-18; San Diego, CA.
- Liu JF, Brady M, Matulonis UA, et al. Overall survival outcomes from NRG-GY004, a phase III study comparing single-agent olaparib or combination cediranib and olaparib to platinum based chemotherapy in recurrent platinum sensitive ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol. 2023;34(suppl 2):S1285. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.039